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Forest fires pose significant threats to ecosystems, biodiversity, climate stability and human health. As the frequency and intensity of wildfires escalate due to climate change and anthropogenic pressures, it becomes imperative to implement effective mitigation strategies. This review presents a critical analysis of various forest fire risk mitigation strategies, encompassing both pre-fire and post-fire approaches. The paper discusses fuel management, community-based initiatives, technological interventions, policy frameworks, and ecological restoration techniques. Emerging tools such as remote sensing, machine learning, and early-warning systems are also examined. Special attention is given to the integration of traditional ecological knowledge with modern science, recognizing the value of indigenous fire management practices. Furthermore, the role of international cooperation and cross-border policy harmonization is explored in the context of transboundary wildfire risks. The review highlights gaps in current practices, such as inadequate funding, limited stakeholder engagement, and the need for real-time data integration. It proposes a multi-scale, interdisciplinary approach that combines scientific innovation, inclusive governance, and adaptive management to mitigate wildfire risks in a changing climate. The findings aim to inform policy-makers, land managers, and researchers, offering a comprehensive roadmap toward building resilient landscapes and fire-adapted communities.
Forest fire, fire mitigation, remote sensing, early warning, community resilience, climate change.
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