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Sal heartwood borer, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newman (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae), commonly known as sal borer, is the most devastating insect pest responsible for catastrophic damage of sal, Shorea robusta Gaertn.f. (family Dipterocarpaceae), forests of the country. Till date, over 21 epidemics of this borer have been recorded in sal forests of different states of the country. To combat this major insect pest of sal, the food lure in sal sap which acts as kairomone to attract beetle, is used for trapping the beetles under “Trap Tree Operation. This is an environmentally sound and very effective non-toxic method of control, currently available. The present communication is the first attempt to study the toxicity of bio- and chemical pesticides against sal borer beetles in captivity, tree traps in sal forests and logs in timber depot.
The pesticidal experiments against borer beetles in captivity and tree traps were conducted in sal forests of Chilpi Forest Range, Kabirdham Forest Division, Chhattisgarh and in logs at Timber Depot, Shahpur, Dindori Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh by using different concentrations of biopesticide, Spinosad 45% SC and chemical pesticides, Cartap Hydrochloride 50% SP, Chlorpyriphos 20 EC, Dichlorphos 76 EC, Monocrotophos 36 EC and Cypermethrin 10 EC.The mortality of borer beetles due to treatment of pesticides were recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hours in case of captivity and tree trap experiments and after 20 and 30 days in case of treatment of logs.
In captivity experiments, toxicity of Spinosad sprayed bark revealed 100% mortality of beetles by 0.4% after 72 hours of treatment whereas Cartap Hydrochloride and Monocrotophos exhibited 100% mortality of beetles by 0.2% after 48 hours. Efficacy of these pesticides when sprayed in traps showed 75% mortality of beetles by 0.4% Spinosad and 100% by both 0.4% Cartap Hydrochloride and 0.4% Monocrotophos after 72 hours. The results suggest that spraying of 0.4% Cartap Hydrochloride and 0.4% Monocrotophos can be used in tree traps for killing sal borer beetles and subsequent management. The treatment of logs by spraying chemical psticides exhibited 100% mortality of beetles in 20 days by 0.7% Dichlorvos, whereas Cratap Hydrochloride, Chlorpyriphos, Monocrotophos and Cypermethrin caused 100% mortality of beetles by 0.5% after 30 days. These findings can be used for sal borer management in timber depot, particularly if the timber/fuel depots are located close to the sal forest or if the transportation of borer infested timbers from forest is not possible due to early rain or any other circumstances.
Sal borer, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis, toxicity, bio- and chemical pesticides, captivity, tree traps, logs, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh
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