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Information on the natural enemies of the major pests, Hyblaea puera (Cramer) (Lepidoptera : Hyblaeidae) and Eutectona machaeralis Walker (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) was collected from slightly moist, dry and very dry teak forests of Madhya Pradesh during the year 2008-2009.
The recorded natural enemies of H. puera include seven species of parasitoids namely, Echthromorpha notularia, Trophocampa indubia, an unidentified species of Brachymeria, three unidentified species of Sturmia, an unidentified species of nematode, three species of insect predators namely, Calleida splendidula, Canthecona furcellata and Chrysoperla carnea, one species of bird predator namely, Corvus macrohynchos and unidentified spiders, and a species of fungal pathogen namely, Aspergillus flavus. Among the natural enemies, predator C. carnea and pathogen A. flavus are new records on H. puera. Sturmia sp. was the only parasite consistently recorded from all the study sites during the peak pest infestation period. The overall percentage parasitism due to different parasites ranged from 15 to 19% in slightly moist, 10 to 13% in dry and 5-8% in very dry teak forests, but during the first outbreak of the pest, it was very low or almost absent. Incidence of predation by C. furcellata and contribution of jungle crow, C. macrorhynchos were substantial. The fungal pathogen, A. flavus, isolated from field infested larvae, was found to be an efficient mortality factor under laboratory conditions.
The natural enemies of E. machaeralis noticed include seven species of parasitoids namely, Apanteles expulsus, A. machaeralis, Cremastus hepaliae, Trophocampa indubia and Xanthopimpla cera, an unidentified species of Brachymeria and nematode, two species of insect predators namely, Canthecona furcellata and Chrysoperla carnea, and unidentified spiders, and three species of fungal pathogens namely, Aspergillus niger, Beauveria bassiana and Fusarium oxysporum. The overall percentage parasitism due to different parasites ranged from 11 to 14% in semi-moist, 7 to 10% in dry and 3-5% in very dry teak forests but during the early outbreak period of pest, it was much less. Among the parasitoids, A. machaeralis, was recorded to be the major parasite of E. machaeralis. Among the natural enemies, the occurrence of nematode, the predator C. carnea and the fungal pathogen A. niger are new records on E. machaeralis. Laboratory culture of A. flavus, A. niger and B. bassiana was carried out and pathogenicity tests against the target pest were conducted. Rearing technique of C. furcellata and its alternative host was developed for mass multiplication throughout the year.
Teak pests, Hyblaea puera, Eutectona machaeralis, natural enemies, parasites, predators, pathogens
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