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A healthy soil sustains productivity, maintains environmental quality and is the basis of healthy plants, animals and humans. More characteristics of healthy soils include good soil tilth, good soil drainage, large population of microorganisms, optimal level of essential plant nutrients, low weed pressure, etc.Soil organic matter is the very foundation for healthy and productive soils. Organic matter contributes to greater amounts of water retention, improves soil structure, reduces compaction of the soils and reduces also bulk density creating more space for air passages and water storing. The arrangement and collection of minerals as soil aggregates and degree of soil compaction has huge effects on plant growth. Understanding the role of organic matter in maintaining a healthy soil is essential for developing ecologically sound agricultural practices. But, how can organic matter, which only makes up a small percentage of most soils, be so important in playing a key role to improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils that have discussed in this article. The reason is thatorganic matter positively influences or modifies theeffect of essentially all physical, chemical and biological soil properties. That is the reason, it is so important to understand soil health and soil quality and how to manage soils better.
Bulk density, carbon sequestration, compaction, nutrient cycling, porosity, soil tilth.
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